INDEX
|
Sr.No. |
Title of the Experiment |
Page no. |
|
1. |
General introduction to experimental. |
3 |
|
2. |
To study different laboratory animals and their application in the experimental pharmacology. |
4 |
|
3. |
Legal regulation for the use of experimental animals. |
10 |
|
4. |
To study standard techniques for sacrifice and making animal unconscious. |
11 |
|
5. |
Study of some basic instruments used for isolated tissue experiment. |
12 |
|
6. |
Preparation and use of physiological salt solution. |
15 |
|
7. |
Useful hints for ambitious students. |
17 |
|
8. |
To study the relationship between dose of Acetycholine and contractile response by using chick ileum. |
18 |
|
9. |
To record the effect of various spasmogenic and spasmolytic drugs on guinea pig ileum and scheme for identification of unknown drug. |
21 |
|
10. |
To study the effect of various drugs on perfused |
25 |
|
11. |
To study the effect of various drugs on isolated |
26 |
|
12. |
Discussion of the effect of various drugs on frog |
27 |
|
13. |
To study the scheme for identification of unknown drug using frogs heart. |
30 |
|
14. |
To evaluate the local anaesthetic agent by various methods. |
31 |
|
15. |
To study the convulsion action of strychnine on frog. |
34 |
|
16. |
To study the hypnotic effect on mice. |
35 |
|
17. |
To study the effects of Mydriatics and Miotics on rabbit eye. |
36 |
|
18. |
To study the effect of anti-psychotic drugs using cooks pole climbing apparatus. |
39 |
|
19. |
To evaluate antiepileptic activity of drug using maximum electro convulsive shock seizures ( M. E. S.) and chemical induced convulsions methods. |
40 |
|
20. |
To study pyrogen testing on rabbit. |
41 |
|
21. |
To study the taming effect of chlorpromazine in rat and mice. |
44 |
|
22. |
To demonstrate the evaluation of the analgesic potency of drug. |
45 |
|
23. |
Reference |
48 |
Practical.No.: 1
Aim: General introduction to experimental Pharmacology.[1]
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS :
Pharmacology is the study of the effects of drugs on living systems. It attempts to characterize the biological actions of chemical and to define the mechanisms by which these actions are evoked. A pharmacologist seeks to describe and quantify both the desirable and undesirable effects in laboratory animals and to establish the conditions under which such observations can be extrapolated to the human population. Experimental pharmacology thus helps in understanding the nature of drug action and the vulnerability of the living systems to the alternation by chemicals that serves as the basis on which a) New therapeutic agents are developed, and b) Toxic consequences of chemical exposure may be alleviated.
The experiments can be carried out in whole animal (In-vivo) or in isolated organs(In-vitro). In whole animal experiments (e.g. Dog-blood pressure) the effect of drugs on any organ is influenced by many factors such as metabolic state, blood supply, nervous control, hormonal influences, factors of bio-availability etc. It is difficult to estimate and control the influences of such a diversity of factors. Elucidation of action of drug may be hindered in such cases. The use of isolated ‘ in vitro’ preparations provides distinct advantage to facilitate the experimental investigations concerning mode of actions of drugs. The experimental conditions can be well controlled precisely in these experiments.
The effect of drug can be studied independent of other systems thus relating direct mechanism of action of drug. The isolated preparations are commonly used in experiments because of these advantages. The intact experiments (i.e. whole animal experiments) are also of importance to study the effect of drugs, the interaction between two drugs and between the body factors and drugs.
Before starting experiments in pharmacology it is essential to understand about laboratory and experimental animal . One should also know about their maintenance and handling.