Tinospora cordifolia Linn- A Remedy for all disease

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INTRODUCTION

 INTRODUCTION

1. Biological source:

It’s a large climbing shrub known as a Tinospora cordifolia Linn.

Other species of Tinospora are: Tinospora sinensis (Lour) Merrill. It is also called as padm or kandguduchi. Its leaves are big and trifoliate; Tinospora crispa (Linn.) Miers. Its action is antipyretic; Tinospora malabarica grows up to 1300m.

Family:

 Menispermaceae

Sanskrit name:

 Guduchi, Amrita, Madhuparni, Kundlini

Hindi name:

 Giloy

English name:

Tinospora

1. Common Names:

Galonovelo (Gujarati), Amrutoballi, Madhuparne, Uganiballi, Amrita balli. (Kanada); Amrita, Gilo(Kashmiri), Gulancha, Gurcha (Kumaon), Amrytu, Peyamrytam, Sittamrytu Chittamritam, Chittamrutu (Malayalam), Foon kan thang (Malaya), Ambarvel, Gharol, giroli, Gulavela, Gulaveli, Guloe, Gulvel (Marathi), Harajora, Harajuri, Harjora (Mundari); Guluchi, Gulochi (Oriya); Batindu, Garham, Ga (Punjabi); rum, Gilo, Gilogularich, Zakhmihaiyat, Amridavalli, Amudam, Asasi Kaippuchindil, Kunali, Narsindil, Niraidarudian, Paganrai, Padalamulam, Parivai, Pattigai, Sadi, Sagadundam, Sagamuli, Silam, Sindil, Sivandi, Sivedai, Ubavam, Vallikkandam, Vayamadu (Tamil); Duyutige, Guduchi, Iruluchi, Jivantik, Madhuka, Manapala, Somida, Tellatippatige, Tippatige (Telugu).

1. Distribution:

Gaduchi is a climber found throughout the tropical regions of India. In Himachal Pradesh, it is easily found as a robust climber mainly in areas like Una, Paonta, Hamirpur, and Kangra etc. It climbs over the highest trees and throws out aerial roots which reach the length of 30 feet. It grows up to the height of 1000 feet in India.

1. Cultivation:

Manures, fertilizers and pesticides:

The medicinal plants have to be grown without chemical fertilizers and use of pesticides. Organic manures like, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermi-Compost, Green Manure etc. may be used as per requirement of the species. To prevent diseases, bio-pesticides may be used.

Irrigation:

The field after plantation should be irrigated periodically as and when required at weekly or fortnightly intervals. Harvesting/post-harvesting operation: Mature plants are collected, cut into small pieces and dried in shade.

Cultivation method:

 The plant is sometimes cultivated for ornamental value and is propagated by cuttings. It is so easy to propagate that even if a twig of it is placed on a branch of a tree, it will establish itself as a giant chamber in a couple of years.

Yield:

 Approximately 8-10 quintal/ha. A complete package on cultivation technology of Tinospora cordifolia has been developed at Regional Research Laboratory Canal Road, Jammu.

1. Morphology:

 Tinospora is a glabrous, climbing shrub with corky grey dotted bark. It is a perennial deciduous twiner with succulent stem and papery bark. The leaves are 10-20cm in diameter, broadly ovate, deeply cordate and shortly acuminate. The flowers are small and greenish yellow on the old wood in 7.5-15 cm long racemes; slender, usually solitary in the female and clustered in male. Fruits are red in colour and similar to shape of pea.

Flowering/Fruiting season:

 March-June/cold season

1. Chemical Constituent:

Major constituents Sesquiterpene tinocordifolin, Sesquiterpene glucoside tinocordifolioside, tinosponone, tinocordioside, cordioside, furanoid diterpine; a new clerodane furano-diterpene viz. columbin, tinosporaside5; an immunologically active arabinogalactan; two phytoecdysones viz., ecdysterone and makisterone and several glycosides isolated as polyacetates and others are Alkaloidsll.12 viz., jatrorrhizine, palmatine, Berberine, tembeterine; phenyl propene disaccharides cordifolioside A, Band C2.10; choline, tinosporic acid, tinosporal, tinosporon, 20-fJ-hydroxyecdysoneI3, palmatosides C and F14, cordifolisiqes D and E15, diterpenoid furanolactonesl6.

H3CO2C       OR2

1: R1=H, R2= β-D-Glucopyranosyl; Amritoside A

1a: R1 =Ac, R2=Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-Glucopyranosyl, Amritoside A pent acetate

3: R1=H, R2= β-D-Glucopyranosyl, Amritoside C

3a: R1=Ac, R2=Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-Glucopyranosyl, Amritoside C pent acetate

4: R=β-D-Glucopyranosyl, Amritoside D

4a: R=Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-Glucopyranosyl, Amritoside D tetra acetate

Apigenin (a flavonoid)

1. Traditional uses:
2. cordifolia is used in the Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of jaundice, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, and is also used as an immunostimulant. It is an alterative, anthelmintic, anti pyretic, aphrodisiac, bitter tonic, and blood purifier, cardiac, carminative digestive, diuretic and expectorant. The starch from the roots and stem is used in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. The juice of fresh plant is diuretic and used in gonorrhoea. Very few studies have examined its anti neoplastic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and immunologic properties.

The root, stem, leaves and sattva (starch) of tinospora are used for medicinal purpose, externally; the medicated oil of the plant is effectively used to relieve pain and edemas, in gout and skin disorders. In filariasis, the paste of Guduchi, shunthi, devadara and vidanga works when applied externally.

Internally, tinospora is one of the most effective Rasayanas – rejuvenatives. It works excellently on all the seven dhatus and keeps the body system in balance. The Rasayanas property bestows longevity, enhances memory, and improves general health, better complexion, energy and luster of the skin.

In vata doshas diseases, it is given with ghrita, pitta doshas diseases, it is given with sugar, kapha doshas diseases, and it is given with honey.

It is massively helpful in the digestive ailments like hyperacidity, colitis, worm infestations and loss of appetite, abdominal pain, excessive thirst, emesis and liver disorders like hepatitis.

It is one of the best tonics used in chronic fevers in the form of guduchi swaras

(Juice). It alleviates burning sensation, thirst and increases the appetite of the     patient.

In urinary tract problems, the fresh juice of Guduchi (10-20 Gms) and paashan bhed (2 Gms) along with one table spoon honey mixed together given three to four times a day is effective.

Guduchi is drug of choice amongst all the remedies in treating gout (vatarakta). The decoction of Guduchi and sunthi is a very effective combination for the treatment of gout and rheumatic disorders. The juice of Guduchi is helpful for gout if taken for a period of two to three months. Also purified shilajit with juice of Guduchi is helpful for gout if taken twice daily.

leaves and roots is used to treat fever, cholera, diabetes, rheumatism and snake-bites, an infusion of the stem is drunk as a vermifuge, a decoction of the stem is used for washing sore eyes and syphilitic sores, the crushed leaves are applied on wounds and made into poultice for itch. Also it reduces thirst, internal inflammation, and increases appetite.

In general folklore, the stem decoction is considered antipyretic, useful as an antimalarial and a wash for skin ulcers. Traditionally an infusion is used to treat fever due to malaria and also in cases of jaundice and for use against intestinal worms.

                 Roots rubbed with bonduc nuts in water are given for stomachache, especially in children [Nadkarni]. Indonesians use an infusion of the stems to treat fevers and malaria. They can also be used to treat stomachache and jaundice. The infusion is also useful in fevers caused by smallpox and cholera.

T. crispaT. crispa

Dosage: Decoction 50 – 100 ml, churna 3 -6 gm, satva 1 – 2 gm